In the text Sanskrit names are used, followed in parentheses by the name in the language of the episode when it appears for the first time although shortened forms are used throughout the text, complete names are given below. Only names that are different from Sanskrit are listed, but that proceeded by an asterisk are not found in the Valmiki Ramayana. While spellings vary considerably, attempts have been mad to include the most common forms. Letters or parts of words in parentheses are optional. In Thai and Lao, the pronunciation usually is shown rather than the actual spelling. Vowel signs and diacritical marks are not shown. However, “c” has been spelt as “ch”, and “s” with any diacritical mark as “sh”, and “n” with a dot above it as “ng” (except in the case of Sri Lanka, pronounced Shri Langka, and Begal, pronounced Benggal). In Myanmar “th” is pronounced as in “thing”, “gy” as “j”, and “ky” as “ch”. Ayodhya: capital city of Dasharatha’s kingdom Chinese: Yem-bu-dai, Yen-fu-ti Javanese: Ayudya, Ngayodhya, Mandrapura Khmer: Aiyudhya Lao: Meuang Chandahpuli Si Sattahnahgan, Meuang Chandahpuli Si Sattahnak,Kung Si Ahyutdiya Mahanahgan, Kung Si Ahyutdiya Mahahnak, Kung Si Ayuddiya Mahanahgan, Kung Si Ayuddiya Mahahnak (kingdom of Rama’s sons) Malay: Andyapuri Negara, Ayodyapuri Negara, Ispahaboga, Mandarapura Negara, Sertapura, Siusia Mendarpapura, Tiutia Mendarapura Maranao: Pula Agama Niog, Tanjong Bunga Myanmar: Yodaya Tamil: Ayotti Thai: Ayudhya, Ayutthaya, Luang Tibetan: Dzambu Vietnamese: Ho Tom Tinh Brahma: god of creation Chinese: Fantian-wang Japanese: (Dai) bon-ten Javanese: Brama Khmer: Preah Brahm, Preah Taprohm Lao: Ph(r) a Bohm, Ph(r) a Bommah Mongolian: Esrua, Esrun Tengri Malay: Adam Thai: Phra Brom Tibetan: Tshangs-pa dKar-po Garuda: sun bird; king of the birds; vehicle of Vishnu Chinese: jinchi niao Hindi: garud Japanese: karura Javanese: garudha Khmer: khrut Lao: kut, khut Myanmar: galon Thai: krut Tibetan: gNam-mKha’-IDing Hanuman, Hanumat, Anjaneya, Anjata, Maruti: sof of Anjana and Vayu; monkey leader Balinese: Hanoman Javanese: Anoman, Senggana Karbi: Haliman Khmer: Anjat, Anujit Lao: Hanumon(e), Hulahman, Hunahman, Huonahman, Huorahman Malay: haduman, Hanuman Kera Putih, Kera Kechil Iman Tergangga, Maranao: Phalawan Udara, ShahNuman Laksamana (Mangawarna is the name of Lakshmana) Singhalese: Hanumant Tamil: Anuman Thai: Anchar, Wanon Tibetan: Hanumandha, Hanumanta Naga: underworld water serpent Chinese: long, lung Japanese: ryu Khmer: neak Lao: nak Mongol: lus Thai: nak Tibetan: klu Rama, Ram, Bhargava: incarnation of Vishnu; oldest son of Dasharatha and Kausalya; husband of Sita; fater of Kusha and Lava Asamiya: Vasumati Balinese: Ramadewa Chinese: Lo-mo Javanese: Ragawa, Ramachandra, Sri Rama(wijaya) Khamti: Chao Laman Khmer: Preah Ram, Preah Ream Lao: Ph(r)a Lahmahrat, Ph(r)a Lamma Malay: Agung Gempita, Seri Rama Maranao: Radia Mangandiri Pali: Ramapandita Prakrit: Pauma Tamil: Iraman Thai: Daranoi, Phram, Phara Ram Tibetan: Ramana Vietnamese: Chung Du Ravana, Dashagriva, Dashakantha, Dashamukha, Asura Vana: ogre king of Langka; husband of mandodari; faterh of Indrajit Balinese: Rawana Hindi: Ravan Javanese: Rahwana, Dasamuka Kannada: Ravula Karbi: Raban Kawi: Rawana, Dasamukha Khmer: Rab(n), Rabana, Krong Reap Lao: Bommahchak, Dotsakhan, Haphanasun, Rabbahnasun Malay: Dauwichit, Gambar mahasakti, maharaja Duwana, maharaja Wana, Maranao: Rahana, Raja Di Rimba, Rawana Maharadia Lawana, Maharadia Duwan Mongolian: Mangus, Tesegiriy, Tisegiri Myanmaratthagiri Sundanese: Rawana Tamil: Iravanan Thai: Thotsakan Tibetan: Ashapa, mDa’shagriba Vietnamese: Trang Minh Shiva, Ishvara, Mahadeva: god of destruction and reincarnation Balinese: Bhatara Guru, Iswara, Mahadewa, Siwa Hindi: Ishvar, mahadev, Shiv Japanese: Daijizai-ten, Jizai-ten Javanese: Bhathara Guru, Manikmaya, Siwa Khmer: Preah Eyso, Preah Isur Lao: Aiyahsun Malay: Bentara Guru, Dewata Mulya Raya, Gangga Sakti Punjabi: Mahadeo Sundanese: Isora, Mahadewa, Siwa Thai: Phra Isuan Tibetan: Mahadeba
Sita, Janaki, Maithili: incarnation of Lakshmi; wife of Rama; mother of Kusha and Lava Balinese: Dewi Sita Javanese: Dewi Sinta Kannada: Sittama Karbi: Ita Kunri Khmer: Neang Seda, Neang Seta, Neang Sita Lao: Nang Sita Malay: Puteri bungsu Hanyut, Chahaya Keinderaan, Sakutum Bunga Satangkai, Maranao: Sita Dewi, Siti Dewi Tuwan Potre malaila Ganding, Tuwan Potre Malono Tihaia Myanmar: Thida Singhalese: Sitapati Tamil: Shitai Thai: Nang Piphat That Loi, Nang Sida Tibetan: Rol-rNyed-ma, Zita Vietnamese: Bach Tinh Tara : queen of Kihkindha; wife of Sugriva; mother of Anggada fathered by Vali Balinese: Dewi Tara Javanese: Dewi Tara Kannada: Stuare Khmer: Neang Debi Tara Lao: nang Kottahrat Malay: dewi Bermakomala, Tuan Puteri Kacha Sundanese: Puah Nilasita Tamil: Tarai Thai: Nang Kaew Dara Vishnu, Narayana: god of life and preservation; consort of Lakshmi; incarnates as Rama Balinese: Wisnu Chinese: No-lo-yen Hindi: Narayan Japanese: Bichu-ten Javanese: Wisnu Khmer: Preah Bisnu, Preah Naray(n), Preah Nearay Lao: Ph(r) a Nalai Malay: Bisnu, Dewa Berembun Sundanese: Wisnu Thai: Phra Narai Tibetan; Byisnu
